The demand for greater data throughput seems endless, and it is accelerating faster than many people expected, creating bottlenecks in fiber-optics networks. Digital transmissions of 100 Gbps, which ...

This paper is the study of the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation technique using AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In QPSK scheme the authors ...

Eliminating software adjustments in circuits based on digital logic improves robustness and reduces cost for small-production-run series. This circuit is a cost-improved version of classical QPSK ...

Free Space Optics is the technology which implies the line-of-sight link for the transfer of data between two distant points. The beam of light is used to provide optical connection that can transmit ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...