In the whole history of Earth's climate, few events are as extreme as those that geologists call "Snowball Earth." ...

Tiny zircon crystals are revealing that Earth’s earliest history may have included surprisingly complex tectonic activity.

Sediments from Scotland hint that ocean-atmosphere interactions continued more than 600 million years ago despite widespread ice.

Out in the Kuiper Belt, the massive doughnut of debris beyond Neptune, about one in 10 kilometer-scale objects have surprised scientists with their unexpected shape. Rather than resembling a ball, ...

A recent study showed that Mars was warm and wet billions of years ago. The finding contrasts with another theory that this era was mainly cold and icy. The result has implications for the idea that ...

Planetary systems in the Milky Way galaxy tend to follow a particular pattern: rocky planets toward the center, closest to ...

The Amazon rainforest is so big that it makes its own climate. As they photosynthesise and transpire, its billions of trees collectively produce enough moisture to form clouds. These, by some ...

A clear breakdown of the atmosphere’s layers, from the troposphere to the exosphere, and how each one protects and shapes life on our planet.