Conventional U-boat submarines had been the backbone of the Kriegsmarine during the early stages of World War 2. Still, as ...

The result was the Kriegsmarine's almost complete reliance on U-boats during the rest of the Battle of the Atlantic. In the end, the U-boats were the Kriegsmarine's most effective weapons.

Utter darkness and a restless sea set the stage for what many historians consider the fiercest and most desperate naval battle not only of World War 2 but of all modern maritime warfare. After the ...